建築人的朝聖地 | 落水山莊 | Falling Water | Frank Lloyd Wright,USA

永恒的建築 | 建築人的朝聖地 

Timeless Architecture | The sacred place for all the architects

坐落於美國賓州西南部鄉村、匹茲堡東南方50英裏處的落水山莊（Falling water），是享譽國際的瀑布上的建築物。
Falling water, master piece by Frank Lloyd Wright is located seventy miles southeast of Pittsburgh.

房屋重點要融入大自然的景觀裡，其房屋外殼石板塊的建材是就地取材，混合水泥與鋼筋，利用懸臂原理尋找力點支撐建築物本身。例如底層起居室用鋼筋拉力穿插入山上的大石壁，再用水泥硬撐住房屋。
The home was once a weekend retreat for the Kaufmann family, who owned a successful chain of department stores in the area. They commissioned Wright, famous for integrating his architecture with nature, to build the home for them.The design incorporating boulders from the mountain into the building’s foundation and steps that lead straight into the river below.

建築應與環境渾為一體，美化環境，而非破壞環境。起居室前面有一整邊是懸空，底下就是河流並沒有用兩根支柱撐住。起居室地板是天然石塊切割。
Driving onto the property feels isolating as the dense forest blocks out most of the light. However, as you step into the weekend home, the atmosphere immediately brightens.

房間故意壓低天花板，強迫人的視線往外看戶外森林河流景色。全部三層房子的四角故意開直角90度窗戶，都是兩片窗戶往外推，變成視覺沒窗框障礙。
Low ceilings make the home seem more cozy than cramped, and the incorporation of wood brings the natural world inside. In fact, that was Wright’s intention; with the use of open space and large windows, my eyes were constantly drawn to the outdoors and the natural beauty surrounding the home. To completely isolate myself from the outside world would be impossible.

混凝土石板一片片嵌入原有的自然山石之內，有陽光的日子，自然形成光影斑駁的灰空間，有「土生土長」之感，是萊特對其「有機建築」的最佳詮釋。

The materials of the structure blend with the colorings of rocks and trees, while occasional accents are provided by bright furnishings, like wildflowers or birds outside. 

引山泉水流穿過屋內，為了註重建築物要融入自然景觀裡，

所以到處看到屋旁樹木被刻意保留。
The paths within the house, stairs and passages, meander without formality or urgency, and the house hardly has a main entrance; there are many ways in and out.

落水山莊運用建築學上的「懸臂原理」,一端為固定支點，他端為自由端形式之樑，沒有任何支點。
The building adopted "cantilever principle" which enable the horizontal elements become prominent at the same time structurally sound. Sociability and privacy are also both available, as are the comforts of home and the adventures of the seasons. So people are cosseted in to relaxing, into exploring the enjoyment of a life refreshed in nature.

二樓陽臺也是有一整邊是懸空，不像一般由四根柱子撐起重量。有一處是玻璃屋頂，充當室內花園。
The project incorporates broad expanses of windows and the balconies are off main rooms giving by this way a sense of the closeness of the environment. There is also an interior staircase leading down from the living room allowing direct access to the stream beneath the house

到處都可見紅色。沙發、壁爐、地毯。這是切羅基紅（Cheoke Red），萊特一向最愛的顏色，連他的私人座車也漆這種顏色。

As described by Wright, organic architecture promotes harmony between people and nature. Through thoughtful design that is seamlessly integrated with its natural setting, the building, the furnishings and the surroundings become cohesive parts of one unified, interrelated composition.

落水山莊地址是1491 Mill Run Rd, Mill Run, PA 15464，電話：（724）329-8501。從4月到11月，除了周三休息不開放，其他日子都讓人參觀，入口大門下午4時關門。落水山莊的四季景觀略有不同，秋天可看樹林楓葉轉橙黃紅綠紛飛，冬天可看白雪冰瀑，有時水量較豐沛。詳情最好上網查看：http://www.fallingwater.org

Tickets are $25 for adults and $17 for children for the standard tour or $72 per person for the in-depth tour. Bear in mind that children under 6 are not allowed on any tours of Fallingwater. Reservations are highly recommended and can be made on their website or by calling 724-329-8501. If you just want to see the outside of the home, ground’s passes are available for $8 each.